Team-based learning (TBL) is an instructional strategy that involves students working together in small groups to solve problems, complete tasks, or discuss course material. This approach emphasizes active learning, collaboration, and the development of teamwork skills. TBL typically consists of three phases: individual preparation, team discussion, and application exercises. This method has been shown to improve student engagement, critical thinking skills, and knowledge retention. Additionally, TBL promotes a sense of accountability and responsibility among team members, as they work together to achieve common goals.